Why are positive and negative wind load values required?

The negative wind load represents the force that tries to pull the door out of the opening. The positive wind load represents the force trying to push the door into the opening.

Why is the negative wind load value often higher than the positive?

Due to the action of the wind as it blows across an opening, resistant forces develop which actually try to lift a door out of the opening. Those forces are stronger than the direct force of the wind trying to blow the door in.

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